The first stage in the history of international logistics development -- from the 1950s to the early 1980s. In this stage, logistics facilities and logistics technology have been greatly developed. Distribution centers have been established, and electronic computers have been widely used for management. Three-dimensional unmanned warehouses have appeared. The improvement of logistics system has promoted the development of international trade, logistics activities have exceeded the scope of a country, but the trend of logistics internationalization has not been paid attention to.
The second stage -- from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. With the development of economy and technology and the expansion of international economic exchanges, the trend of logistics internationalization has become a universal trend
International logistics
International logistics
The problem. According to the United States, a professor at the university of Michigan's wave of sox, into the 80 s, the U.S. economy has lost its prosperous development momentum, in a crisis of long-term decay, therefore, must be emphasized to improve the international logistics management, reduce the product cost, and to improve service, expand sales, in the fierce international competition to win. At the same time, Japan is in a mature period of economic development. To build a country based on trade, Japan needs to realize the internationalization of logistics in line with its foreign trade. A series of measures have been taken, such as establishing logistics information network, strengthening logistics total quality management and so on, to improve the efficiency of logistics internationalization. This stage of logistics internationalization trend is limited to the United States, Japan and some developed countries in Europe.
The third stage -- since the early 1990s. The concept and importance of international logistics in this stage have been generally accepted by governments and foreign trade sectors. Trade partners all over the world, the inevitable requirement of logistics internationalization, namely logistics facilities internationalization, logistics technology internationalization, logistics service internationalization, cargo transportation internationalization, packaging internationalization and circulation processing internationalization and so on. Countries around the world widely carry out international logistics theory and practice of bold exploration. People have reached a consensus that only by carrying out extensive international logistics cooperation can the world economy prosper and logistics have no borders.
The development of international logistics
Only after the second world war did international economic exchanges become more and more extensive and active. Especially after the oil crisis in the 1970s, the original concept of transporting necessary goods could not adapt to the new requirements, and systematic logistics entered the international field in this period.
The 1960s began to form a large number of international logistics, logistics technology in the emergence of large logistics tools, such as 200,000 tons of oil tanker, 100,000 tons of ore ship and so on.
In the seventy s, the influence of the oil crisis, the international logistics further development not only in quantity, ship large trends to further strengthen, and improve the service level of international logistics requirements, is the international symbol of the container and the development of international container ship, the major international routes go phase of the liner into the container ships, bulk cargo logistics level to be brought up, logistics service level get a raise.
In the mid-to-late 1970s, a new situation emerged in the field of international logistics, that is, the substantial increase of aviation logistics, and at the same time, a higher level of international intermodal transport. The trend of large ships has reached a peak, with 500,000 tons of oil carriers and 300,000 tons of bulk carriers.
Before the eighty s, the prominent characteristics of international logistics, mid is a basic don't continue to expand in the through put cases appeared fine "logistics", the logistics of mechanization and automation level, at the same time, along with the change of the idea about the new age people demand, focus on solving the international logistics "small batch, high frequency, many varieties of logistics, modern logistics not only covers a large number of goods, groceries, and also covers many varieties of goods, basic covers all logistics objects, solve the problem all the logistics of modern logistics.国际物流发展的第一阶段——从20世纪50年代到80年代初。在这一阶段,物流设施和物流技术得到了很大的发展。建立了配送中心,电子计算机广泛应用于管理。立体无人仓库已经出现。物流体系的完善促进了国际贸易的发展,物流活动已经超出了一个国家的范围,但物流国际化的趋势却没有得到重视。
第二阶段——从80年代初到90年代初。随着经济技术的发展和国际经济交往的扩大,物流国际化趋势已成为一种普遍趋势
国际物流
国际物流
这个问题。教授根据美国密歇根大学的波袜,到80年代,美国经济已经失去了它的繁荣发展势头,在危机的长期腐烂,因此,必须强调提高国际物流管理,降低产品成本,并改善服务,扩大销售,在激烈的国际竞争中取胜。与此同时,日本正处于经济发展的成熟期。日本要建设以贸易为基础的国家,就需要实现与对外贸易相适应的物流国际化。通过建立物流信息网络、加强物流全面质量管理等一系列措施,提高了物流国际化的效率。这一阶段的物流国际化趋势仅限于美国、日本和一些欧洲发达国家。
第三个阶段——自上世纪90年代初以来。现阶段国际物流的概念和重要性已被各国政府和外贸部门普遍接受。世界各地的贸易伙伴,物流国际化的必然要求,即物流设施国际化、物流技术国际化、物流服务国际化、货物运输国际化、包装国际化和流通加工国际化等。世界各国广泛开展国际物流理论与实践的大胆探索。人们普遍认为,只有开展广泛的国际物流合作,世界经济才能繁荣发展,物流无国界。
国际物流的发展
只有在第二次世界大战后,国际经济交往才变得越来越广泛和活跃。特别是20世纪70年代的石油危机之后,原有的运输必需品的概念已经不能适应新的需求,系统化的物流在这一时期进入了国际领域。
20世纪60年代开始形成了大量的国际物流,物流技术在大型物流工具的出现,如20万吨油轮、10万吨矿砂船等。
在七零年代,石油危机的影响,国际物流进一步发展不仅在数量上,船大趋势进一步加强,和提高国际物流服务水平的要求,是国际集装箱的象征,国际集装箱船的发展,主要的国际航线上阶段的班轮集装箱船,散货物流水平长大的,物流服务水平得到提高。
20世纪70年代中后期,国际物流领域出现了一种新形势,即航空物流的大幅度增加,同时国际多式联运水平也提高了。大型船舶的发展趋势已达到高峰,有50万吨油船和30万吨散货船。
在八零年代之前,著名的国际物流的特点,中期是一个基本不继续扩大物流量的案例中出现了“物流”,物流机械化和自动化水平,与此同时,随着观念的变化对新时代人们的需求,重点解决国际物流“小批量,高频率,许多品种的物流、现代物流不仅涵盖了大量的商品,杂货,并涵盖了多种商品,基本涵盖了所有的物流对象,解决了现代物流的所有物流问题。
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